ARCHAEO-SCIENCES AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF EARLY TAMIL CIVILIZATION: FROM IRON AGE SETTLEMENTS TO THE SANGAM AGE

The reconstruction of ancient Tamil Nadu's historical trajectory necessitates a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to chronological investigation. Archaeological sciences have emerged as vital in this endeavour, offering a suite of advanced techniques—such as radiocarbon dating (C-14), thermoluminescence, archaeobotanical studies, stratigraphic analysis, and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions—that enable scholars to establish a reliable temporal framework for the region's cultural evolution. These scientific methodologies allow for the precise dating of material remains, facilitating the identification of distinct cultural phases, shifts in settlement organization, technological innovations, and patterns of socio-economic transformation spanning from the prehistoric to the early historic periods. This paper critically examines the role of these archaeological science techniques in refining the chronology of Ancient Tamil Nadu, drawing on case studies from key excavated sites including Adichanallur, Keeladi, Kodumanal, and Porunthal. The integration of scientific data with traditional historical sources and classical Tamil literature enables a more nuanced understanding of the region's past. The findings underscore the transformative impact of scientific archaeology in bridging chronological gaps and challenging earlier historical assumptions. Ultimately, this study demonstrates how scientific methodologies not only enhance chronological precision but also deepen our insight into the complex cultural and historical development of ancient Tamil Nadu within the broader context of South Indian archaeology.

Keywords:Ancient Tamil Nadu, Archaeological Science, Chronology, Early Historic Period, Sangam period, Iron Age.

Dr. S. Deepika

Dr. S. Deepika is an Assistant Professor in the History Department at Madras Christian College (Autonomous), Chennai, specializing in Archaeology and Museology. She holds a PhD from the State Department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil Nadu (University of Madras) and a master’s degree in Ancient Indian History, Culture, and Archaeology from Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute, Pune. She also serves as a visiting professor at the International Institute of Tamil Studies and Research, Chennai,contributing to Tamil heritage studies. With a deep passion for research, Dr. Deepika has published extensively in academic journals and conferences. Her scholarly contributions include a book chapter on tourism and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), focusing on gender equality and zero hunger. Her expertise in archaeology has led to significant discoveries, including a Pallava Grantha inscription at Mahendravadi and a rare Chola painting at the Thiruvottiyur temple, adding valuable insights to South Indian history. She has also played a key role in organizing and coordinating workshops and heritage walks.

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