This article critically examines the rebirth myth as depicted in Rahul Sankrityayan's Pravahan, framing it as a constructed narrative strategically employed to reinforce caste hierarchies, gendered exclusions, and moral conformity. Through an interdisciplinary lens drawing on Marxist historiography, Enlightenment rationalism, and feminist critique, the analysis reveals Sankrityayan's deliberate dismantling of metaphysical dogma. The narrative structure—anchored in dialogic fiction—serves not to affirm spiritual transcendence but to interrogate ideological apparatuses such as karma and dharma. By portraying rebirth as a socio- political invention rather than a sacred truth, Sankrityayan challenges the moral scaffolding of Brahmanical patriarchy and advocates for a historically grounded, rationalist mode of inquiry. The article argues that Pravahan functions not only as literary resistance but as philosophical defiance, inviting a re-evaluation of myth as a tool of cultural domination. By reframing myth as a tool of domination rather than transcendence, the article positions Pravahan as a literary act of resistance and philosophical critique.